Thermodynamics
Basic Terminology
⭐️System-
Part of the universe under investigation.
⭐️Open System-
A system which can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
⭐️Closed System-
A system which permits passage of energy but not mass, across its boundary.
⭐️Isolated system-
A system which can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surrounding.
⭐️Surroundings-
Part of the universe other than system, which can interact with it.
⭐️Boundary-
Anything which separates system from surrounding.
⭐️State variables-
The variables which are required to be defined in order to define state of any system i.e. pressure, volume, mass, temperature, surface area, etc.
⭐️State Functions-
Property of system which depend only on the state of the system and not on the path. Example: Pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.
⭐️Intensive properties-
Properties of a system which do not depend on mass of the system i.e. temperature, pressure, density, concentration,
⭐️Extensive properties-
Properties of a system which depend on mass of the system i.e. volume, energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.
⭐️Process-
Path along which state of a system changes.
⭐️Isothermal process-
Process which takes place at constant temperature
⭐️Isobaric process-
Process which takes place at constant pressure
⭐️Isochoric process-
Process which takes place at constant volume.
⭐️Adiabatic process-
Process during which transfer of heat cannot take place between system and surrounding.
⭐️Cyclic process-
Process in which system comes back to its initial state after undergoing series of changes.
⭐️Reversible process-
Process during which the system always departs infinitesimally from the state of equilibrium i.e. its direction can be reversed at any moment.
⭐️Irriversible Process-
This type of process is fast and gets completed in a single step. This process cannot be reversed. All the natural processes are of this type.
Hope you found useful,
FOLLOW US ON:
